{"id":1757,"date":"2021-12-14T14:01:09","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T07:01:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/52.76.64.37\/?p=1757"},"modified":"2021-12-14T14:01:09","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T07:01:09","slug":"hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-vat-li","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-vat-li\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt L\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4nV\u1eadt l\u00ed \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/u>, ti\u1ebfp thu kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/u> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, sinh l\u00ed l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
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C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung<\/u> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/u>; v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc<\/u>; v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/u>; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1<\/u> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\r\n
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- M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

- Trong m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1<\/u> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

- Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/u>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1<\/u> cho h\u1ecdc sinh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1eadt l\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1\u201d gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00ed, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00ed trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh (v\u00ec trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh tham quan c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c V\u1eadt L\u00ed g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c V\u1eadt L\u00ed cho h\u1ecdc sinh?<\/h3>\r\n
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M\u00f4n V\u1eadt L\u00ed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c V\u1eadt L\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt L\u00ed<\/u>; n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 V\u1eadt L\u00ed<\/u>; n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng<\/u> ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt L\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb, s\u00f3ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u2026; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt L\u00ed trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 V\u1eadt L\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, x\u1eed l\u00ed s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng V\u1eadt L\u00ed v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng...<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00fd?<\/h3>\r\n
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- \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/u> th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n. Tuy v\u1eady, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

- Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00eau ra 2 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cho s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hai m\u1ee9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec khi d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt L\u00ed? C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n?<\/h3>\r\n
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Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean khi d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/u>; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f4ng<\/u> h\u1ecdc sinh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/u>, kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ch\u01b0a ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh<\/u> l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/u> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/u>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>N\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt L\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/u> h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i<\/u> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00f4n kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i, t\u1ea1o h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

+ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

+ Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>N\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi?<\/h3>\r\n
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- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng logic ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, sinh l\u00ed l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; tr\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc; t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ham th\u00edch \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

- M\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn 3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u, gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf?<\/h3>\r\n
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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/u>; ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, sao cho kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t logic h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sao cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt l\u00ed s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 trong khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd?<\/h3>\r\n
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C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 70 ti\u1ebft<\/u> cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam 35 ti\u1ebft chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc. T\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 105 ti\u1ebft\/n\u0103m (bao g\u1ed3m 35 ti\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho 3 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp), d\u1ea1y trong 35 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft cho m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung. Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n chia th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd?<\/h3>\r\n
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Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00f4n V\u1eadt L\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

- Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/u> cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00edtrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbit\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m sinh l\u00ed l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n

- V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/u> nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; tr\u00e1nh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh, l\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec1 theo quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc sinh. Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin - truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n

- Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/u>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 to\u00e1n (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM<\/u>); gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
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M\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan khoa h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebft tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc, ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ...<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, h\u1ecdc sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp theo nh\u00f3m. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, chia s\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc. \u1ede m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u2013 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ho\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\r\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch so s\u00e1nh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp; qua \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u01b0: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m,...), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc n\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n,...t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin qua s\u00e1ch, m\u1ea1ng internet,...; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (b\u00e0i t\u1eadp m\u1edf, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i,...), c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh to\u00e1n,..<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn dun\u0323g ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecdc sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft; l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u in v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n;thu th\u1eadp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t \u1edf thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, x\u1eed l\u00ed, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn; vi\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn; v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
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- M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin trung th\u1ef1c, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh<\/u>; qua \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/u> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.<\/u><\/p>\n

- C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

- \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

- Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng, l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt l\u00ed; c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

- Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua quan s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, quan s\u00e1t thao th\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u1edf ghi ch\u00e9p, b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ch quan; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec khi d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt L\u00ed? C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n?<\/h3>\r\n
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Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean khi d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/u>; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f4ng<\/u> h\u1ecdc sinh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/u>, kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ch\u01b0a ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh<\/u> l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/u> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/u>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>STEM c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\r\n
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STEM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/u>. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed?<\/h3>\r\n
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Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, quy lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/u>. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Trong m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f3, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, quy lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt V\u1eadt l\u00ed?<\/h3>\r\n
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Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, quy lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed<\/u>. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>M\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u1edf THCS v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc?<\/h3>\r\n
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Trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

- \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf), n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc: T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (l\u1edbp 1, l\u1edbp 2, l\u1edbp 3); Khoa h\u1ecdc (l\u1edbp 4, l\u1edbp 5); Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 6 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 9).<\/p>\n

- \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng), V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ed9i dung n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed so v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y?<\/h3>\r\n
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\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/u>\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed so v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u1eadt l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/u>, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp; t\u0103ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/u>,\u2026t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4nV\u1eadt l\u00ed \u1edf….<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[105],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1757"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1759,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757\/revisions\/1759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}