{"id":1718,"date":"2021-12-13T14:14:42","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T07:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/52.76.64.37\/?p=1718"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:32:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T07:32:39","slug":"hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-ngu-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-ngu-van\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef V\u0103n"},"content":{"rendered":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n \r\n
\r\n\t
\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 2018 Ng\u1eef v\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 12. \u1ede c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t; \u1edf c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u1eef v\u0103n.
- N\u1ed9i dung m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc,... li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0110\u1ecba l\u00ed, Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p,\u2026 M\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft quan t\u00e2m, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.
- N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.
Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe, m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u00f3 v ai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

1. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc Ng\u1eef v\u0103n; th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc; th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec; kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XXI \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i chung, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc sinh x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.
2. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp (\u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe) l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe.
3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe cho m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.
4. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u1eeba ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung nh\u01b0 sau:
1. H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh. M\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u0103n; c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam; c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.
2. G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe; c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy logic, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1; bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng; bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u0129 n\u00f3i chung trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc) h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ea5p Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung nh\u01b0 sau
1. Gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n; y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh; c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ham th\u00edch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; th\u1eadt th\u00e0, ngay th\u1eb3ng trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.
2. Gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang, tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung, th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; li\u00ean h\u1ec7, so s\u00e1nh ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p; vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u, \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00e0i v\u0103n ng\u1eafn (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3); ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; nghe hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i.
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01a1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt; c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p THCS) h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ea5p THCS h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung nh\u01b0 sau
1. Gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc; n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.
2. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin; \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1eddng minh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, thuy\u1ebft minh, nh\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, logic, \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t; n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c; c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh giao ti\u1ebfp; nghe hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n, th\u01a1, k\u00ed, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u0129; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p THPT) h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ea5p THPT h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung nh\u01b0 sau
1. Gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o, bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam; c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.
2. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n: \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1eddng minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n; v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2013 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn), \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe linh ho\u1ea1t; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh; bi\u1ebft tham gia v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tranh lu\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong tranh lu\u1eadn.
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong ph\u00fa, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u1eef v\u0103n m\u1edbi so v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

- V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp (\u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe) l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng: \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe. \u0110\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m m\u0129, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5, th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc). Vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u, vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp cho h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe t\u1ef1 tin, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i hay.
- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nghe-n\u00f3i; th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 sau khi r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho h\u1ecdc sinh; kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecdc sinh trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe.
- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf; kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe cho m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 t\u00ednh; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u0103n; c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam; c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.
- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp, k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin, t\u01b0 duy h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy logic, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc) g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

1. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang, tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n c\u1ea3m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1eddng minh; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc.
Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p (l\u1edbp 1, l\u1edbp 2), ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 3, l\u1edbp 4 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 5, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.
T\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 3, vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p; vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn; \u1edf l\u1edbp 4 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i v\u0103n ng\u1eafn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u0103n k\u1ec3, t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.
Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, tham gia, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n do h\u1ecdc sinh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quen thu\u1ed9c; gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00eau nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i th\u01a1, khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecdc sinh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0: b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt, tin nh\u1eafn, gi\u1ea5y m\u1eddi, th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eeb,...; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft theo quy tr\u00ecnh; b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba ph\u1ea7n (m\u1edf b\u00e0i, th\u00e2n b\u00e0i, k\u1ebft b\u00e0i).
Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi n\u00f3i; k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 nghe; bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn; bi\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Nghe hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i; bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghe.
2. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01a1 (\u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00e0i v\u0103n xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u1ea7n); nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, v\u1ea7n th\u01a1, so s\u00e1nh, nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1). Bi\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00f3i.
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 1 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 2: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ai, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, v\u1ea7n trong th\u01a1; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01a1.
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 3, l\u1edbp 4 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 5: bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n c\u1ea3m v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i th\u01a1; nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u v\u1ea7n th\u01a1, nh\u1ecbp th\u01a1, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1, so s\u00e1nh. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00e0i v\u0103n k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p THCS) g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

1. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef
Bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n theo ki\u1ec3u, lo\u1ea1i; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1eddng minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.
Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; bi\u1ebft so s\u00e1nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n.
\u1ede l\u1edbp 6 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 7: vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, thuy\u1ebft minh, nh\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng. \u1ede l\u1edbp 8 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp 9: vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.
Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tin khi n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi n\u00f3i; k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 nghe; bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn; th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 nghe; thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay quy tr\u00ecnh; bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh giao ti\u1ebfp; bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3,... \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.
Nghe hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed l\u1ebd, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i; bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.
2. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc
Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: truy\u1ec7n, th\u01a1, k\u1ecbch, k\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u1eddng minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n (c\u1ea5p THPT) g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

1. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: Bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n (th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u).
Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo c\u1ea3m quan ri\u00eang; th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.
T\u1eeb l\u1edbp 10 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 12: vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt; c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft minh vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00fang quy \u01b0\u1edbc; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n.
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng mang \u0111\u1eadm c\u00e1 t\u00ednh.
Bi\u1ebft tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau; c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 tranh lu\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghe thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh; c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh trong tranh lu\u1eadn; tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 nghe linh ho\u1ea1t; n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.
2. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc); ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n gian, trung \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn.
N\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c) v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.
T\u1ea1o l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u0129.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra (\u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft, n\u00f3i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y), b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi, ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi.
D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m m\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecdc sinh, kh\u00f4ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, sao ch\u00e9p; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u1eef c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng tin; c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (ch\u1eef, ch\u1eef k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tranh \u1ea3nh,\u2026). Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng Internet, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfu; trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t; c\u00e1c CD, video clip; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh, phim truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc; b\u0103ng, \u0111\u0129a CD; s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u0103n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 2018 Ng\u1eef v\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 12. \u1ede c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t;….<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[105],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1720,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions\/1720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}