{"id":1697,"date":"2021-12-13T10:49:55","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T03:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/52.76.64.37\/?p=1697"},"modified":"2021-12-13T11:11:25","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T04:11:25","slug":"bien-soan-hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-khoa-hoc-tu-nhien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/bien-soan-hoi-dap-ve-chuong-trinh-mon-khoa-hoc-tu-nhien\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 1: V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/h3>\r\n
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Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c chia ra c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc (hay c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d (Science) \u1edf c\u1ea5p Trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Anh, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, X\u1ee9 Wales, Australia, Niu Di-lan, Singapore, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec1u bang \u1edf M\u0129... v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c) thay cho d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc 3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang r\u1ebd l\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00ed, Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc. N\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00ed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean...<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ebb cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 2: M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
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Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00ed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sao cho v\u1eeba t\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Tin h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c STEM \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ebb cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc,...<\/p>\n

M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf l\u1edbp 4, 5 (c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp 6, 7, 8 v\u00e0 9, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 140 ti\u1ebft\/ n\u0103m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 3: M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
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Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

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  • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh: <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp; t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi; t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
  • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/em><\/strong> Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed chung n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecdc sinh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc: t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng,...<\/li>\n
  • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/em><\/strong> Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp thu kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 li\u00ean th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00ed, Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
  • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/em><\/strong>: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/strong>:<\/em> Th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1eafm v\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf; g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t,...<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 4: M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n
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    Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc (Science) thay cho d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang r\u1ebd l\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00ed, Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u chung \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

    \u1ede Singapre, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc (Science) t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 6 \u1edf ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc (primary school)v\u00e0 \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf (lower secondary). Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n cao \u1edf Singapore nh\u01b0\u00a0 i-Science, My Pals are here \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfpb\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean nh\u01b0 Interactive Science, Science Matters, All about Science,\u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Panpac Education, Marshall Cavendish hay Pear- son Education,\u2026 M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Singapore \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u \u1edf ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf qua 5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: \u0110a d\u1ea1ng; Chu tr\u00ecnh; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u00a0 v\u00e0\u00a0 Sinh\u00a0 h\u1ecdc\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 t\u00edch\u00a0 h\u1ee3p\u00a0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c\u00a0 \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0 s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean m\u00f4n)\u00a0 v\u00e0\u00a0 ph\u00e2n\u00a0 h\u00f3a\u00a0 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n\u00a0 h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang r\u1ebd: V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (high school).<\/p>\n

    \u1ede Anh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa nh\u01b0 Check-point, Science Forcus, Science Success,\u2026 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 xen k\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang theo t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n m\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 5: D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec ?<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n
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    D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xa l\u1ea1 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. N\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1). \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang r\u1ebd t\u1eebng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u1ed9i dung. Nh\u00ecn chung c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t 3 m\u00f4n V\u1eadt L\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 6: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p Trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf ?<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n
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    \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch\u00a0h\u1ee3p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eadt l\u00ed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean...), nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

    T\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3\u00a0 li\u00ean quan; gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 gi\u1edd, sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng nhau trao \u0111\u1ed5i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

    S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed; \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 7: M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n

    M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh; \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 tin, trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec3u, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f3; c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho h\u1ecdc sinh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc: ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00ed, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi; vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng: quan s\u00e1t, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin; d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, x\u1eed l\u00ed s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u; d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u; suy lu\u1eadn, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
    • V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc: B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; \u1ee9ng x\u1eed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 8: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t,... \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, tin h\u1ecdc,... c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed\/kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sao cho v\u1eeba t\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 tr\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc - C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed\/ kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc - H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed\/ kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ed3m: Ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t: ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1edf xung quanh ta, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t; V\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng: S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, di truy\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i: n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00ed, l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, h\u00ea\u0323M\u0103t\u0323Tr\u01a1i,\u0300Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu tr\u00ecnh sinh \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 h\u00f3a, Sinh quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo logic tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean m\u00f4n, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed, quy lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed chung c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ed3m: T\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i; C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed chung, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3; C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo c\u00e1c logic kh\u00e1c nhau trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 9: Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng 4.0, tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecdc sinh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 560 ti\u1ebft, chi\u1ebfm 12% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc (\u1edf m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 11 \u0111\u1ebfn 14% \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc). S\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 3 m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 595 ti\u1ebft).<\/p>\n

      V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 quan. Khi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u00fd\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n (tr\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1eaft l\u00e9o).<\/p>\n

      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00ed, Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ed9i dung protit, lipit, gluxit \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa; kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong n\u1ed9i d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y trong n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u1eefa; Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang trong t\u1eebng m\u00f4n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chung trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1; Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 \u1edf Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, V\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y chung trong m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 10: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      D\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u00a0chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh tri th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i\u00a0khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 tru\u1eddng, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau: T\u00ecm t\u00f2i, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1; ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1; d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng; d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i t\u1eadp; t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc,..., nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u1edbi d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

      Tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

      Ngo\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc chung, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n; d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea3o, th\u00f4ng qua quan s\u00e1t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u1eadt trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\/ngo\u00e0i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, tham quan c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng qua chu\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n,...<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 11: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      Trong d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra\/ ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, quy t\u1eafc,...; Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00fap cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, cho ph\u00e9p quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

      Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Th\u00f4ng qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

      C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: \u201cTh\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat h\u1ecdc sinh; \u201cTh\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thu nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c; \u201cTh\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 12: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n V\u1eadt l\u00ed, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00ed hay sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0o v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ETEP), gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, n\u1ed9i dung, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Khi tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1ed1n tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n d\u1ea1y n\u1ed9i dung chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 13: Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      M\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc\u00a0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc sinh. M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, b\u1ed5 sung ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ef1 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan; d\u1ef1 gi\u1edd, sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

      Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u1ea1y n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theo s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ra t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n cho t\u1eebng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang r\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

      Kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung (nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 hay c\u1eed nh\u00e2n khoa h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 ho\u1eb7c 3 m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i dung (nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c). Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang r\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, n\u00ean gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 14: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1; ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00ed, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean,...<\/p>\n

      Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, an to\u00e0n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc,... Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

      Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

      Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tra c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t

      Q. <\/em>C\u00e2u 15: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      M\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1ecdc sinh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chung, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin, trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1ch quan, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\t\r\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Q. C\u00e2u 1: V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean? Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c chia ra c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc (hay c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t….<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[105],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1697"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1709,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1697\/revisions\/1709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gesd.edu.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}